<sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT Imaging of an Extramedullary Solitary Plasmacytoma of the Maxillary Sinus; A Case Report
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Case Report
P: 80-81
March 2022

18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging of an Extramedullary Solitary Plasmacytoma of the Maxillary Sinus; A Case Report

Eur Arc Med Res 2022;38(1):80-81
1. University of Health Sciences Turkey, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
2. University of Health Sciences Turkey, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Radiation Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey
No information available.
No information available
Received Date: 19.05.2021
Accepted Date: 28.02.2022
Publish Date: 11.03.2022
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ABSTRACT

18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is successfully used for imaging malignant plasma cell disorders. Solitary plasmacytoma of head and neck is relatively rare. We report a case of 52-year-old male patient with high 18F-FDG uptake of pathologically proven maxillary sinus plasmacytoma that is uncommon. Our case has demonstrated 18F-FDG PET/CT is useful for showing the extent of the disease that affects treatment management in plasmacytoma.

Keywords:
Plasmacytoma, maxillary sinus, 18F-FDG PET/CT

INTRODUCTION

Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma is a plasma cell malignancy without systemic involvement. It is a rare clinical condition and mostly occurs in head and neck region (1). 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has been reported to be useful in demonstrating the spread of the disease, it’s involvement in the other parts of the body and in follow-up in solitary plasmacytoma (2-4).

CASE PRESENTATION

A-52-year-old male patient has referred to our department for 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging for a body scan. He had complaints of swelling and pain on the left side of his face. After physical examination and CT scan, a lesion was demonstrated inside the left maxillary sinus. Fine needle biopsy revealed malign tumor cells, however excision of the lesion needed to confirm the diagnosis of the patient. Before excision 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging was conducted for a whole body scan. PET/CT images has demonstrated a 18F-FDG avid destructive lesion with high uptake inside the maxillary sinus and extending to the soft tissue surrounding left orbita (Figure 1). There was no pathological 18F-FDG uptake in other parts of the body other than the extravasation of 18F-FDG on the right hand around the side of injection (Figure 2). The patient had a maxillary sinus excision and orbital exenteration operation a week after the PET scan. The histopathology report was compatible with plasmacytoma. Bone marrow biopsy and blood tests were done and reported as normal to rule out multiple myeloma.

Figure 1
Figure 2

DISCUSSION

Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma is a rare form of plasma cell disorder and the treatment approach may be different. If there is no disease in the other parts of the body, radiotherapy or excision with radiotherapy is recommended for treatment (5,6). Combined therapies with chemotherapy are also recommended for the higher disease-free survival rates (7). 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging has been useful in the initial stage for excluding the metastatic disease and systemic involvement. Furthermore, it has been shown that 18F-FDG uptake of the lesion can have an impact on the prognosis of the diease. 18F-FDG avid plasmacytoma lesions are more likely to transform multiple myeloma, making follow-up more important in lesions with high uptake (8). There are currently a few cases reported for maxillary sinus plasmacytoma in the literature, however there are fewer reports for the use of 18F-FDG PET/CT (9,10).

CONCLUSION

Our case has emphasized the importance of 18F-FDG PET/CT whole body imaging to support clinical decision before starting treatment and during follow-up.

References

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Kato T, Tsukamoto E, Nishioka T, Yamazaki A, Shirato H, Kobayashi S, et al. Early detection of bone marrow involvement in extramedullary plasmacytoma by whole-body F-18 FDG positron emission tomography. Clin Nucl Med 2000;25:870-3.
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An SY, An CH, Choi KS, Heo MS. Multiple myeloma presenting as plasmacytoma of the jaws showing prominent bone formation during chemotherapy. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2013;42:20110143.
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