Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hysteroscopy results in infertile patients and to compare the clinical pregnancy, live birth and abortion rates between patients with uterine cavity abnormalities treated with operative hysteroscopy and patients with normal uterine cavity.

Methods: Three hundred and nineteen patients who underwent hysteroscopy for infertility between January 2010 and December 2015 were included in the study. The patients were divided into two main groups: diagnostic and operative. The patients who had normal uterine cavity in exploration and who did not require surgical intervention were referred as diagnostic hysteroscopy group. Patients who underwent surgical intervention during the procedure were named as operative hysteroscopy group. The operative hysteroscopy group was divided into groups as endometrial polyp, submucous myoma, septum, adhesions and T-shaped uterus. Demographic data, laboratory parameters and pregnancy outcomes after hysteroscopy were recorded. Clinical pregnancy, live birth and abortion rates were compared between the groups.

Results: The demographic and laboratory characteristics of the diagnostic (n=74) and operative hysteroscopy (n=245) groups were similar. After operative hysteroscopy, 53.9% of the patients had clinical pregnancy and 41.3% of them had live birth. In the diagnostic hysteroscopy group, the clinical pregnancy rate was 55.2% and the live birth rate was 41.7%. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of clinical pregnancy and live birth rates. In addition, there was no difference between the two groups in terms of pregnancy acquisition methods and mean duration of conception. In the operative hysteroscopy subgroups, the highest rates of clinical pregnancy and live birth were in patients undergoing endometrial polyp and septum resection, and abortion rates were highest in T-shaped uterus and septum resection groups.

Conclusion: We concluded that treatment of uterine cavity pathologies with operative hysteroscopy in infertile patients provided similar clinical pregnancy and live birth rates to patients who have normal uterine cavity.