In space, the special conditions of microgravity and exposure to cosmic radiation make substantial alterations compared to terrestrial circumstances to the human body and organ functions. This review will try summarizing the recent development in the urological aspect of the microgravitational environment and aerospace medicine despite the limited data as the topic. Aerospace has effects on kidney physiology, body fluid, urination, and fertility. The overall renal response to microgravity can be summarized as is the retention of sodium, edema, decreased blood volume, and an increase in the sympathetic tonus. Also, microgravitational environments facilitate urinary tract infections. Changes in urine volume, urinary pH, and urinary citrate, calcium, and oxalate levels during a flight may predispose to urolithiasis. The urological conditions necessitate special expertise in the field of space medicine. New technologies are also needed to develop providing better service in the field of urological space medicine.