Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence, infection types, distribution of causative microorganisms, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) developing in intensive care units (ICUs).
Materials and
Methods: This retrospective and observational study was conducted between January 1, 2023, and January 1, 2025. HAI diagnoses were made according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Healthcare-Associated Infections Surveillance Network (USHIESA) criteria. Total number of patients, patient-days, invasive device-days, infection types, and resistance profiles of causative pathogens were analyzed. Infection rates were calculated based on 1000 patient-days and 1000 device-days.

Results: During the study period, 6,152 patients and 28,129 patient-days were monitored. The rate of HAIs was 0.40%, and the incidence density was found to be 0.88/1000 patient-days. Ninety-six percent of the cases were catheter-related urinary tract infections, and 4% were central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections while ventilator-associated pneumonia was not detected. Seventy-six percent of the isolates pathogens were Gram-negative, and 24% were Gram-positive bacteria. The most frequently isolated Gram-negative bacteria were Myroides spp. (47.36%), followed by Acinetobacter baumannii (26.31%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.05%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.26%). All Gram-positive agents were identified as Enterococcus spp. High levels of AMR were detected in the isolates.

Conclusion: Although the incidence of HAI in the ICU is below the national reference threshold, the prevalence of Myroides spp. and resistant Gram-negative pathogens is noteworthy. The findings highlight the need to maintain effective surveillance systems and strengthen strategies to combat AMR.