Approximately 50% of central nervous system tumors in children are primary posterior fossa tumors, ranking as the most common solid tumors in childhood. The most frequently encountered types are medulloblastoma, pilocytic astrocytoma, ependymoma, and brainstem gliomas. In addition, less common pathologies such as atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors, hemangioblastomas, schwannomas, cerebellar gangliocytomas, and epidermoid tumors are also present. This study comprehensively compiles the epidemiological, histopathological, radiological, and clinical characteristics of pediatric posterior fossa tumors considering current classifications, along with a detailed review of treatment approaches.